路由

相关理解

vue-router 的理解

vue的一个插件库，专门用来实现SPA应用

对SPA应用的理解

1. 单页Web应用（single page web application，SPA）
2. 整个应用只有一个完整的页面
3. 点击页面中的导航链接不会刷新页面，只会做页面的局部更新
4. 数据需要通过ajax请求获取

路由的理解

1. 什么是路由?
   • 一个路由就是一组映射关系（key - value）
   • key为路径，value可能是function或componen
2. 路由分类 a 后端路由 ⅰ理解：value是function，用于处理客户端提交的请求 ⅱ工作过程：服务器接收到一个请求时，根据请求路径找到匹配的函数来处理请求，返回响应数据 b 前端路由 ⅰ理解：value是component，用于展示页面内容 ⅱ工作过程：当浏览器的路径改变时，对应的组件就会显示

基本路由

1. 安装vue-router，命令npm i vue-router
2. 应用插件Vue.use(VueRouter)
3. 编写router配置项

import VueRouter from 'vue-router'			// 引入VueRouter
import About from '../components/About'	// 路由组件
import Home from '../components/Home'		// 路由组件

// 创建router实例对象，去管理一组一组的路由规则
const router = new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			path:'/about',
			component:About
		},
		{
			path:'/home',
			component:Home
		}
	]
})

//暴露router
export default router

4. <router-link></router-link>浏览器会被替换为a标签 active-class可配置高亮样式

   <router-link></router-link>浏览器会被替换为a标签
   active-class可配置高亮样式
   

5. 指定展示位<router-view></router-view>

src/router/index.js该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器

import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
// 引入组件
import About from '../components/About'
import Home from '../components/Home'

// 创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			path:'/about',
			component:About
		},
		{
			path:'/home',
			component:Home
		}
	]
})

src/main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'	// 引入VueRouter
import router from './router'				// 引入路由器

Vue.config.productionTip = false

Vue.use(VueRouter)	// 应用插件

new Vue({
	el:'#app',
	render: h => h(App),
	router:router
})

src/App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
        <div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
        <div class="list-group">
					<!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面的跳转 -->
          <!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a> -->
          <!-- <a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->

					<!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
					<router-link class="list-group-item" 
                       active-class="active" to="/about">About</router-link>
          <router-link class="list-group-item" 
                       active-class="active" to="/home">Home</router-link>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="panel">
          <div class="panel-body">
						<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
            <router-view></router-view>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'App'
	}
</script>

src/components/Home.vue

<template>
	<h2>我是Home的内容</h2>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Home'
	}
</script>

src/components/About.vue

<template>
	<h2>我是About的内容</h2>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'About'
	}
</script>

注意事项

1. 路由组件通常存放在pages文件夹，一般组件通常存放在components文件夹 比如上一节的案例就可以修改为 src/pages/Home.vue src/pages/About.vue src/router/index.js src/components/Banner.vue src/App.vue
2. 通过切换，“隐藏”了的路由组件，默认是被销毁掉的，需要的时候再去挂载
3. 每个组件都有自己的$route属性，里面存储着自己的路由信息
4. 整个应用只有一个router，可以通过组件的$router属性获取到

// 该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'

export default new VueRouter({
    routes:[
        {
            path:'/about',
            component:About
        },
        {
            path:'/home',
            component:Home
        }
    ]
})

<template>
    <div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
        <div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'Banner'
    }
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    <div class="row">
      <Banner/>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
        <div class="list-group">
          <!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面跳转 -->
          <!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a>
           <a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->
          <!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
          <router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about">
            About</router-link>
          <router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">
            Home</router-link>
				</div>
			</div>
			<div class="col-xs-6">
				<div class="panel">
					<div class="panel-body">
						<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
						<router-view></router-view>
					</div>
				</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	import Banner from './components/Banner.vue'
	export default {
		name:'App',
		components:{ Banner }
	}
</script>

多级路由

1. 配置路由规则，使用children配置项

   routes:[
   	{
   		path:'/about',
   		component:About,
   	},
   	{
   		path:'/home',
   		component:Home,
   		children:[ 					// 通过children配置子级路由
   			{
   				path:'news', 		// 此处一定不要带斜杠，写成 /news
   				component:News
   			},
   			{
   				path:'message',	// 此处一定不要写成 /message
   				component:Message
   			}
   		]
   	}
   ]
   

2. 跳转（要写完整路径）

   <router-link to="/home/news">News</router-link>
   

src/pages/Home.vue

<template>
	<div>
		<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
		<div>
			<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
				<li><router-link class="list-group-item" 
                       active-class="active" to="/home/news">News</router-link></li>
				<li><router-link class="list-group-item" 
                       active-class="active" to="/home/message">Message</router-link></li>
			</ul>
			<router-view></router-view>
		</div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Home',
	}
</script>

src/pages/News.vue

<template>
    <ul>
        <li>news001</li>
        <li>news002</li>
        <li>news003</li>
    </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'News'
    }
</script>

src/pages/Message.vue

<template>
    <ul>
        <li>
            <a href="/message1">message001</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
        </li>
        <li>
            <a href="/message2">message002</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
        </li>
        <li>
            <a href="/message/3">message003</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
        </li>
    </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'News'
    }
</script>

src/router/index.js

//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
    routes:[
        {
            path:'/about',
            component:About
        },
        {
            path:'/home',
            component:Home,
            children:[
                {
                    path:'news',
                    component:News
                },
                {
                    path:'message',
                    component:Message
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
})

路由的query参数

1. 传递参数

   <!-- 跳转并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
   <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">跳转</router-link>
   				
   <!-- 跳转并携带query参数，to的对象写法（推荐） -->
   <router-link 
   	:to="{
   		path:'/home/message/detail',
   		query:{
   		   id: m.id,
          title: m.title
   		}
   	}"
   >跳转</router-link>
   

2. 接收参数

   $route.query.id
   $route.query.title
   

src/router.index.js

import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

// 创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
  routes:[
    {
      path:'/about',
      component:About
    },
    {
      path:'/home',
      component:Home,
      children:[
        {
          path:'news',
          component:News
        },
        {
          path:'message',
          component:Message,
          children:[
            {
              path:'detail',
              component:Detail
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
})

src/pages/Message.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <ul>
      <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
        <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
        <!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">
                      {{m.title}}
    				 </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

        <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的对象写法 -->
        <router-link :to="{
                            path:'/home/message/detail',
                            query:{
                              id:m.id,
                              title:m.title
                            }
                          }">
          {{m.title}}
      </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp;
      </li>
    </ul>
    <hr/>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    name:'News',
    data(){
      return{
        messageList:[
          {id:'001',title:'消息001'},
          {id:'002',title:'消息002'},
          {id:'003',title:'消息003'}
        ]
      }
    }
  }
</script>

src/pages/Detail.vue

<template>
    <ul>
        <li>消息编号：{{ $route.query.id }}</li>
        <li>消息标题：{{ $route.query.title }}</li>
    </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'Detail'
    }
</script>

命名路由

1. 作用：可以简化路由的跳转

2. 使用方式

   a.给路由命名

   {
   	path:'/demo',
   	component:Demo,
   	children:[
   		{
   			path:'test',
   			component:Test,
   			children:[
   				{
             name:'hello' // 给路由命名
   					path:'welcome',
   					component:Hello,
   				}
   			]
   		}
   	]
   }
   

   b.简化跳转

   <!--简化前，需要写完整的路径 -->
   <router-link to="/demo/test/welcome">跳转</router-link>
   
   <!--简化后，直接通过名字跳转 -->
   <router-link :to="{name:'hello'}">跳转</router-link>
   
   <!--简化写法配合传递参数 -->
   <router-link 
   	:to="{
   		name:'hello',
   		query:{
   		    id:666,
           title:'你好'
   		}
   	}"
   >跳转</router-link>
   

src/router/index.js

import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

export default new VueRouter({
    routes:[
        {
            path:'/about',
            component:About
        },
        {
            path:'/home',
            component:Home,
            children:[
                {
                    path:'news',
                    component:News
                },
                {
                    path:'message',
                    component:Message,
                    children:[
                        {
                            name:'detail',	// name配置项为路由命名
                            path:'detail',
                            component:Detail
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
})

src/pages/Message.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <ul>
            <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
                <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
                <!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">
                    {{m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

                <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的对象写法 -->
                <router-link :to="{
                    name:'detail',	//使用name进行跳转
                    query:{
                        id:m.id,
                        title:m.title
                    }
                }">
                    {{m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp;
            </li>
        </ul>
        <hr/>
        <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'News',
        data(){
            return{
                messageList:[
                    {id:'001',title:'消息001'},
                    {id:'002',title:'消息002'},
                    {id:'003',title:'消息003'}
                ]
            }
        }
    }
</script>

params参数

1. 配置路由，声明接收params参数

   {
   	path:'/home',
   	component:Home,
   	children:[
   		{
   			path:'news',
   			component:News
   		},
   		{
   			component:Message,
   			children:[
   				{
   					name:'xiangqing',
   					path:'detail/:id/:title', // 🔴使用占位符声明接收params参数
   					component:Detail
   				}
   			]
   		}
   	]
   }
   

2. 传递参数 特别注意：路由携带params参数时，若使用to的对象写法，则不能使用path配置项，必须使用name配置！

   <!-- 跳转并携带params参数，to的字符串写法 -->
   <router-link :to="/home/message/detail/666/你好">跳转</router-link>
   				
   <!-- 跳转并携带params参数，to的对象写法 -->
   <router-link 
   	:to="{
   		name:'xiangqing',
   		params:{
   		   id:666,
          title:'你好'
   		}
   	}"
   >跳转</router-link>
   

3. 接收参数

   $route.params.id
   $route.params.title
   

src/router/index.js

import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

export default new VueRouter({
    routes:[
        {
            path:'/about',
            component:About
        },
        {
            path:'/home',
            component:Home,
            children:[
                {
                    path:'news',
                    component:News
                },
                {
                    path:'message',
                    component:Message,
                    children:[
                        {
                            name:'xiangqing',
                            path:'detail/:id/:title',	// 使用占位符声明接收params参数
                            component:Detail
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
})

src/pages/Message.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <ul>
            <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
              
                <!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的字符串写法 -->
                <!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail/${m.id}/${m.title}`">
                    {{m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

                <!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的对象写法 -->
                <router-link :to="{
                    name:'xiangqing',
                    params:{
                        id:m.id,
                        title:m.title
                    }
                }">
                    {{m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp;
            </li>
        </ul>
        <hr/>
        <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'News',
        data(){
            return{
                messageList:[
                  {id:'001',title:'消息001'},
                  {id:'002',title:'消息002'},
                  {id:'003',title:'消息003'}
                ]
            }
        }
    }
</script>

src/pages/Detail.vue

<template>
  <ul>
    <li>消息编号：{{ $route.params.id }}</li>
    <li>消息标题：{{ $route.params.title }}</li>
  </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'Detail'
    }
</script>

路由的 props 配置

props作用：让路由组件更方便的收到参数

{
	name:'xiangqing',
	path:'detail/:id',
	component:Detail,

	//第一种写法：props值为对象，该对象中所有的key-value的组合最终都会通过props传给Detail组件
	// props:{a:900}

	//第二种写法：props值为布尔值，为true时，则把路由收到的所有params参数通过props传给Detail组件
	// props:true
	
	//第三种写法：props值为函数，该函数返回的对象中每一组key-value都会通过props传给Detail组件
	props($route){
		return {
			id: $route.query.id,
			title: $route.query.title
		}
	}
}

src/router/index.js

import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

export default new VueRouter({
  routes:[
    {
      path: '/about',
      component: About
    },
    {
      path:'/home',
      component:Home,
      children:[
        {
          path:'news',
          component:News
        },
        {
          path:'message',
          component:Message,
          children:[
            {
              name:'xiangqing',
              path:'detail/:id/:title',
              component:Detail,
              // props的第一种写法，值为对象，
              // 该对象中的所有key-value都会以props的形式传给Detail组件
              // props:{a:1,b:'hello'}

              // props的第二种写法，值为布尔值，
              // 若布尔值为真，会把该路由组件收到的所有params参数，以props的形式传给Detail组件
              // props:true

              // props的第三种写法，值为函数
              props(params) { // 这里可以使用解构赋值
                return {
                  id: params.id,
                  title: params.title,
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
})

src/pages/Message.vue

<template>
	<div>
    <ul>
      <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
        <router-link :to="{
                name:'xiangqing',
                params:{
                    id:m.id,
                    title:m.title
                }
         }">
          	{{m.title}}
  			</router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp;
  		</li>
  	</ul>
    <hr/>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'News',
        data(){
            return{
                messageList:[
                    {id:'001',title:'消息001'},
                    {id:'002',title:'消息002'},
                    {id:'003',title:'消息003'}
                ]
            }
        }
    }
</script>

src/pages/Detail.vue

<template>
    <ul>
        <li>消息编号：{{ id }}</li>
        <li>消息标题：{{ title }}</li>
    </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'Detail',
        props:['id','title']
    }
</script>

路由跳转的 replace 方法

1. 作用：控制路由跳转时操作浏览器历史记录的模式

2. 浏览器的历史记录有两种写入方式：push和replace push是追加历史记录 replace是替换当前记录，路由跳转时候默认为push方式

3. 开启replace模式

   <router-link :replace="true" ...>News</router-link> 简写<router-link replace ...>News</router-link>

总结：浏览记录本质是一个栈，默认push，点开新页面就会在栈顶追加一个地址，后退，栈顶指针向下移动，改为replace就是不追加，而将栈顶地址替换

src/pages/Home.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h2>Home组件内容</h2>
    <div>
      <ul class="nav nav-tabs">
        <li>
          <router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" 
                       to="/home/news">News</router-link>
    		</li>
        <li>
          <router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" 
                       to="/home/message">Message</router-link>
    		</li>
    </ul>
    <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    name:'Home'
  }
</script>

编程式路由导航（不用<router-link>）

作用：不借助<router-link>实现路由跳转，让路由跳转更加灵活 this.$router.push({}) 内传的对象与<router-link>中的to相同 this.$router.replace({}) this.$router.forward() 前进 this.$router.back() 后退 this.$router.go(n) 可前进也可后退，n为正数前进n，为负数后退

this.$router.push({
	name:'xiangqing',
  params:{
    id:xxx,
    title:xxx
  }
})

this.$router.replace({
	name:'xiangqing',
  params:{
    id:xxx,
    title:xxx
  }
})

src/components/Banner.vue

<template>
	<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
		<div class="page-header">
			<h2>Vue Router Demo</h2>
			<button @click="back">后退</button>
			<button @click="forward">前进</button>
			<button @click="test">测试一下go</button>
		</div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Banner',
		methods:{
			back(){
				this.$router.back()
			},
			forward(){
				this.$router.forward()
			},
			test(){
				this.$router.go(3)
			}
		},
	}
</script>

src/pages/Message.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <ul>
            <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
                <router-link :to="{
                    name:'xiangqing',
                    params:{
                        id:m.id,
                        title:m.title
                    }
                }">
                    {{m.title}}
                </router-link>
                <button @click="showPush(m)">push查看</button>
                <button @click="showReplace(m)">replace查看</button>
            </li>
        </ul>
        <hr/>
        <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'News',
        data(){
            return{
                messageList:[
                    {id:'001',title:'消息001'},
                    {id:'002',title:'消息002'},
                    {id:'003',title:'消息003'}
                ]
            }
        },
        methods:{
            showPush(m){
                this.$router.push({
                    name:'xiangqing',
                    query:{
                        id:m.id,
                        title:m.title
                    }
                })
            },
            showReplace(m){
                this.$router.replace({
                    name:'xiangqing',
                    query:{
                        id:m.id,
                        title:m.title
                    }
                })
            }
        }
    }
</script>

缓存路由组件

作用：让不展示的路由组件保持挂载，不被销毁 <keep-alive include="News"><router-view></router-view></keep-alive> <keep-alive :include="['News', 'Message']"><router-view></router-view></keep-alive>

// 缓存一个路由组件
<keep-alive include="News"> // include中写想要缓存的组件名，不写表示全部缓存
    <router-view></router-view>
</keep-alive>

// 缓存多个路由组件
<keep-alive :include="['News','Message']"> 
    <router-view></router-view>
</keep-alive>

src/pages/News.vue

<template>
    <ul>
        <li>news001 <input type="text"></li>
        <li>news002 <input type="text"></li>
        <li>news003 <input type="text"></li>
    </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'News'
    }
</script>

src/pages/Home.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h2>Home组件内容</h2>
    <div>
      <ul class="nav nav-tabs">
        <li><router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" 
                       to="/home/news">News</router-link></li>
        <li><router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" 
                       to="/home/message">Message</router-link></li>
    	</ul>
      <keep-alive include="News">
        <router-view></router-view>
    	</keep-alive>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'Home'
    }
</script>

activated deactivated

activated和deactivated是路由组件所独有的两个钩子，用于捕获路由组件的激活状态 具体使用

1. activated路由组件被激活时触发
2. deactivated路由组件失活时触发

src/pages/News.vue

<template>
    <ul>
        <li :style="{opacity}">欢迎学习vue</li>
        <li>news001 <input type="text"></li>
        <li>news002 <input type="text"></li>
        <li>news003 <input type="text"></li>
    </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'News',
        data(){
            return{
                opacity:1
            }
        },
        activated(){
            console.log('News组件被激活了')
            this.timer = setInterval(() => {
                this.opacity -= 0.01
                if(this.opacity <= 0) this.opacity = 1
            },16)
        },
        deactivated(){
            console.log('News组件失活了')
            clearInterval(this.timer)
        }
    }
</script>

路由守卫

作用：对路由进行权限控制 分类：全局守卫、独享守卫、组件内守卫

1. 全局守卫 meta路由源信息

   // 全局前置守卫：初始化时、每次路由切换前执行
   router.beforeEach((to,from,next) => {
   	console.log('beforeEach',to,from)
   	if(to.meta.isAuth){ // 判断当前路由是否需要进行权限控制
   		if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){ // 权限控制的具体规则
   			next()	// 放行
   		}else{
   			alert('暂无权限查看')
   		}
   	}else{
   		next()	// 放行
   	}
   })
   
   // 全局后置守卫：初始化时、每次路由切换后执行
   router.afterEach((to,from) => {
   	console.log('afterEach',to,from)
   	if(to.meta.title){ 
   		document.title = to.meta.title //修改网页的title
   	}else{
   		document.title = 'vue_test'
   	}
   })
   

2. 独享守卫

   beforeEnter(to,from,next){
   	console.log('beforeEnter',to,from)
       if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){
           next()
       }else{
           alert('暂无权限查看')
       }
   }
   

3. 组件内守卫

   //进入守卫：通过路由规则，进入该组件时被调用
   beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {... next()},
   
   //离开守卫：通过路由规则，离开该组件时被调用
   beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) {... next()},
   

全局路由守卫src/router/index.js

//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'


//创建一个路由器
const router = new VueRouter({
    routes:[
        {
            name:'guanyv',
            path:'/about',
            component:About,
            meta:{title:'关于'}
        },
        {
            name:'zhuye',
            path:'/home',
            component:Home,
            meta:{title:'主页'},
            children:[
                {
                    name:'xinwen',
                    path:'news',
                    component:News,
                    meta:{isAuth:true,title:'新闻'}
                },
                {
                    name:'xiaoxi',
                    path:'message',
                    component:Message,
                    meta:{isAuth:true,title:'消息'},
                    children:[
                        {
                            name:'xiangqing',
                            path:'detail',
                            component:Detail,
                            meta:{isAuth:true,title:'详情'},
                            props($route){
                                return {
                                    id:$route.query.id,
                                    title:$route.query.title,
                                }
														}
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
})

// 🔴全局前置路由守卫————初始化的时候、每次路由切换之前被调用
router.beforeEach((to,from,next) => {
    console.log('前置路由守卫',to,from)
    if(to.meta.isAuth){
        if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
            next()
        }else{
            alert('学校名不对，无权限查看！')
        }
    }else{
        next()
    }
})

// 🔴全局后置路由守卫————初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之后被调用
router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
	console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
	document.title = to.meta.title || '硅谷系统'
})

// 导出路由器
export default router

独享路由守卫src/router/index.js

//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'


//创建一个路由器
const router = new VueRouter({
    routes:[
        {
            name:'guanyv',
            path:'/about',
            component:About,
            meta:{title:'关于'}
        },
        {
            name:'zhuye',
            path:'/home',
            component:Home,
            meta:{title:'主页'},
            children:[
                {
                    name:'xinwen',
                    path:'news',
                    component:News,
                    meta:{title:'新闻'},
                    // 🔴独享守卫，特定路由切换之后被调用
                    beforeEnter(to,from,next){
                        console.log('独享路由守卫',to,from)
                        if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){
                            next()
                        }else{
                            alert('暂无权限查看')
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    name:'xiaoxi',
                    path:'message',
                    component:Message,
                    meta:{title:'消息'},
                    children:[
                        {
                            name:'xiangqing',
                            path:'detail',
                            component:Detail,
                            meta:{title:'详情'},
                            props($route){
                                return {
                                    id:$route.query.id,
                                    title:$route.query.title,
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
})

//全局后置路由守卫————初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之后被调用
router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
	console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
	document.title = to.meta.title || '硅谷系统'
})

//导出路由器
export default router

组件内路由守卫src/pages/About.vue

<template>
    <h2>我是About组件的内容</h2>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'About',
        // 通过路由规则，离开该组件时被调用
        beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {
            console.log('About--beforeRouteEnter',to,from)
            if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
                next()
            }else{
                alert('学校名不对，无权限查看！')
            }
        },
        // 通过路由规则，离开该组件时被调用
        beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) {
            console.log('About--beforeRouteLeave',to,from)
            next()
        }
    }
</script>

路由器工作模式

1. 对于一个url来说，什么是hash值？ #及其后面的内容就是hash值
2. hash值不会包含在HTTP请求中，即：hash值不会带给服务器
3. hash模式 a地址中永远带着#号，不美观 b若以后将地址通过第三方手机app分享，若app校验严格，则地址会被标记为不合法 c兼容性较好
4. history模式 a地址干净，美观 b兼容性和hash模式相比略差 c应用部署上线时需要后端人员支持，解决刷新页面服务端404的问题

const router =  new VueRouter({
	mode:'history',
	routes:[...]
})

export default router